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For this analysis, local media outlets fall into one of four categories (radio stations, TV stations, newspapers, and online-only outlets). Each story in the sample was content analyzed to determine whether the story was original, local, and addressed a critical information need. To understand the journalistic performance of different outlet types, this study analyzes the story output of each outlet type relative to the outlet type’s numeric frequency.

To examine production in this way, ratios were calculated comparing the share of total stories, original stories, local stories, and stories addressing a critical information need from each outlet type to each outlet type’s share of outlets. (From the Executive Summary) .

You may develop a number of reports, in different formats, for different sets of stakeholders. News Report. Work with your primary users and stakeholders to determine when and in what form they want to receive evaluation reports. Also determine who you will involve in viewing draft and interim reports. Points to consider in choosing the format are: How does the audience prefer to receive information – text, graphics, numbers, written, visual or a mixture of all of these? What is the preferred length (or duration if an audio/visual presentation)? What access does the audience have to information technology (this may inform whether you use web-based formats)? What is the purpose of the report and how does this inform the choice of format? Purposes may include: keeping stakeholders engaged during an evaluation providing feedback to and maintaining the commitment of people collecting data during implementation flagging emerging findings and implications for ongoing program development and for the evaluation presenting interim recommendations seeking feedback on draft reports to assist in identifying causal factors informing planning, funding or policy decisions broader dissemination of findings to support use

Yellow journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. During its heyday in the late 19th century it was one of many factors that helped push the United States and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines, leading to the acquisition of overseas territory by the United States.

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Many in the United States called upon Spain to withdraw from the island, and some even gave material support to the Cuban revolutionaries. Hearst and Pulitzer devoted more and more attention to the Cuban struggle for independence, at times accentuating the harshness of Spanish rule or the nobility of the revolutionaries, and occasionally printing rousing stories that proved to be false.

The peak of yellow journalism, in terms of both intensity and influence, came in early 1898, when a U.S. battleship, the Maine, sunk in Havana harbor. The naval vessel had been sent there not long before in a display of U.S. power and, in conjunction with the planned visit of a Spanish ship to New York, an effort to defuse growing tensions between the United States and Spain.



public and politicians reacted so strongly. Moreover, influential figures such as Theodore Roosevelt led a drive for U.S. overseas expansion that had been gaining strength since the 1880s. Nevertheless, yellow journalism of this period is significant to the history of U.S. foreign relations in that its centrality to the history of view the Spanish American War shows that the press had the power to capture the attention of a large readership and to influence public reaction to international events.

Here's a way to build stories that can show people the difference between good and bad journalism. We want to propose something additional reading different, an idea that we hope opens new paths and introduces some new language in the discussion about consumers, news, and trust. We believe journalists have a larger role to play than they may have recognized in helping consumers distinguish good reporting from bad.

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If journalists want their audiences to be able to differentiate solidly reported news content from work that is more speculative, thinly sourced, or backed by rumor or innuendo, then they must create their journalism in ways that make it easier for anyone to recognize those qualities. In this essay we will lay out a method for doing that.

We propose a new way of creating journalism that helps audiences become more fluent and more skilled consumers of news the more they consume it. “ ” People working to improve what has been called “news literacy” have worked hard and well for years helping teach primarily younger audiences the skills of thoughtful news consumption.

Rather than use the phrase “ literacy,” we would suggest the phrase “news fluency” gives the conversation more clarity. Literacy suggests someone is either capable or incapable of performing a task — in the same way one either can or cannot read. That doesn’t aptly describe what is going on with news.

Our larger purpose here is to emphasize the notion that the public can become more skillful news consumers — organically and instinctively — if journalists build stories differently, looking beyond the traditional news story structure. Ultimately, journalism is the act of making information once held by a few available to many so that the public can form opinions on matters of common interest.

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In this sense, as scholar James Carey put it, journalism is fundamentally conversation among people. For journalism to be successful, therefore, it is not enough to ask how have a peek at these guys well the audience understands the methods of journalists. It is just as important to ask how well journalists speak the language of their audiences and know the questions their audiences might ask.

It involves journalists anticipating and trying to answer the questions people would logically ask about a particular story (News Report). Those questions will vary depending on the type of story: They will be different for a breaking news story or a watchdog story or one that involves the use of a controversial image

In a typical piece of news content, however, the questions may or may not be answered explicitly. Sometimes journalists even write “around” what they aren’t sure of. Indeed, “Never raise a question you can’t answer in a story” was an axiom taught in journalism schools for years. And in a traditional news presentation, if these questions are addressed, the discussion of evidence, significance and sourcing is usually embedded in the story narrative and it is assumed the audience will recognize the cues.

Now think of a nutrition label for news, one that answers “What went into making this product?” Imagine if half the American adult population, 125 million people, “most of the time” saw such information on the news stories they read, and similar numbers said such information recently changed their mind about which news to trust.

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In an earlier time, when technology and space were limited, embedding the reporting elements inside the narrative might have been sufficient. It was often the only option. Elements such as hyperlinks, rollovers, popup windows and the ability to go deeper than the narrative didn’t exist. Today is a more skeptical time.

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